Since 2020, aggregated from related topics
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition in which stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. Symptoms of GERD include heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and coughing. The condition is often diagnosed based on symptoms and can be confirmed through tests such as endoscopy or pH monitoring. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery in severe cases. GERD can lead to complications such as esophageal ulcers, strictures, or Barrett's esophagus, a pre-cancerous condition.